076 - The Goddess of the Young

In this episode, we discuss the myths, iconography, and cultic worship of Artemis, the virgin goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, the moon, and the protector of the young

Primary Sources:

Text/Homeric Hymn to Artemis

Text/Callimachus' Hymn to Artemis

**Special Guest Episode on Roman Women and Religion w/Peta Greenfield**

In this special guest episode, I am joined by Dr Peta Greenfield to compare/contrast certain aspects of Women and Religion between the ancient Greeks and Romans (highlights include Bona Dea, the Thesmophoria, the Vestal Virgins, Hestia and the hearth, women’s role in ritual weaving, the role of women in service to gods rather than goddesses, household religion, Bacchanalia, orgies, sex workers, and much more!)
***Show Notes from the Partial Historians***


Dr Peta Greenfield
Co-Host of the Partial Historians Podcast
Website: https://partialhistorians.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thepartialhistorians/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/p_historians and https://twitter.com/peta_greenfield
TED-Ed Video: Who were the Vestal Virgins, and what was their job? - Peta Greenfield

075 - Pregnancy, Abortion, and Divorce

In this episode, we discuss the medical and philosophical writings on women’s bodies, particularly the Hippokratic Corpus and Aristotle, relating to the topics of menstruation, pregnancy, and the “wandering womb”; the various methods and techniques for conception, contraception, abortion, and exposure; the legal procedure for divorces (usually due to childlessness and adultery); and the ways in which adulterers were punished in ancient Greece

074 - Marriage and Domesticity

In this episode, we discuss the legal status of women in Ancient Greece (including the dowry and the epikleros), the betrothal and marriage rituals, and the ideal of separation and seclusion for women (the evidence for and against it)

073 - The Oikos and Private Life

In this episode, we discuss the basic designs of ancient Greek homes and what type of furniture, decoration, lighting, and so forth might have been found in them; the physical and idealistic separation between the gynakeion (women's quarters) and the andron (men's quarters); the pitfalls to ancient Athens as an urban city (such as the street-side defecation), as well as the benefits (such as the gymnasia); the religious sphere of the oikos, particularly the role that Hestia's veneration played in it; and the different type of clothing, jewelry, and hairstyles one might have seen on an ancient Athenian man or woman

Primary Sources:

Text/Xenophon's Oikonomikos

072 - The Wrathful Queen

In this episode, we discuss the myths, iconography, and cultic worship of Hera, the queen of the heavens and wife of Zeus, and the guardian of women, marriage, childbirth, and the family unit

**Special Guest Episode on Roman Sexuality w/Aven McMaster**

 

In this special guest episode, I am joined by Dr Aven McMaster to discuss love, sex, and prostitution from the Roman perspective and compare/contrast it with ancient Greece

Dr Aven McMaster
Assistant Professor of Ancient Studies at Thorneloe University at Laurentian
Co-Host of the Endless Knot Podcast
Website: http://www.alliterative.net
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/alliterativeendlessknot/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/AvenSarah and https://twitter.com/AvenMcMaster

071 - Love, Sex, and Prostitution

 

In this episode, we discuss Greek love and sexuality by examining the formal social institution known as pederasty; the various philosophical theories of love as described by Plato (through various speakers) in his treatise, the Symposion; the various methods in which Athenian males (and non-citizen women) were able to have sex; the depiction of nudity and genitalia in art and masturbation; the various types of female and male prostitutes; pictorial and medical evidence for the daily life of prostitutes and philosophical and comedic representation of prostitution; and the lives of several famous hetairai (Rhodopis, Thargelia, Aspasia, Phryne, and Neaira)

Primary Sources:

Text/Plato's Symposium

Text/Pseudo-Demosthenes' Against Neaira

070 - The Goddess of Seduction

In this episode, we discuss the myths, iconography, and cultic worship of Aphrodite, the goddess of beauty, love, sexual pleasure, and procreation

Primary Sources:
Text/Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite

069 - Slaves and Foreigners

In this episode, we discuss the notion of the barbaroi in Greek culture; the origins and philosophical theories for slavery; and the legal status and type of roles (and importance) that slaves and metics (foreign residents) had in the Athenian economy

068 - Travel, Trade, and Work

In this episode, we discuss the various ways in which the ancient Greeks traveled, whether it was via land or sea; the physical layout of the port of Peiraieus and the commercial activity that took place there; the mining district of Thorikos and how silver was mined for coinage and how coins were struck; farming techniques and how produce and goods were sold in the Agora; the various types of manufacturing workshops at Athens and how they operated; and the disdain that the elites held for “work” and the merchant and manufacturing classes

067 - Hephaistos and Hermes

In this episode, we discuss the myths, iconography, and cultic worship of Hephaistos (the god of fire, metallurgy, and craftsmen) and Hermes (the messenger god of cunning and deceit and the protector of thieves, travelers, merchants, athletes, and boundaries)

Primary Sources:

Text/Homeric Hymn to Hermes

066 - The Athenian Agora

In this episode, we discuss the construction, history, and significance of the Athenian Agora (the civic, religious, legal, and commercial nerve center for Athenian democracy), including a walking tour of what a visitor then and now would see

065 - The Athenian Akropolis

In this episode, we discuss the construction, the history, and the significance of the buildings on the Athenian Akropolis (including the Parthenon, the Propylaia, the Temple of Athena Nike, the Erechtheion, and a few others); together, these buildings mark the high point of the glorification of Athens, a confident assertion of its cultural leadership of Greece, a bold endorsement of its self-image, and a dazzling instrument of political propaganda, with the result that many later would consider the Athenian Akropolis to be the symbol of the legacy and the glories of Classical Greece

064 - The Protectress of Athens

In this episode, we discuss the myths, iconography, and cultic worship of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, craftsmanship, and strategic warfare who served as a kind of symbol for the city of Athens and civilization in general

063 - The Lord of the Sea

In this episode, we discuss the myths, iconography, and cultic worship of Poseidon, the violent and unpredictable god who ruled over the sea

062 - Agricultural Festivals

In this episode, we discuss the Attic calendar year with a focus on various agricultural festivals and ceremonies; starting in the fall at the time of sowing we work our way around the year, month-by-month, until it is time to sow once again; particular attention is given to the Thesmophoria and the Eleusinian Mysteries, including a walking tour of what a visitor then and now would see at the site of Eleusis, but a dozen or so other festivals are described, including the Pyanepsia, the Oschophoria, the Chalkeia, the Proerosia, the Apatouria, the Haloa, the Thargelia, the Skira, the Kronia, the Herakleia, and the Boedromia (excluded are the Dionysian festivals—the Rural Dionysia, the Lenaia, the City Dionysia, and the Anthesteria)

Attic Calendar:

Pyanepsion (late October / early November)

Maimakterion (late November / early December)

Poseideion (late December /  early January)

Gamelion (late January / early February)

Anthesterion (late February / early March)

Elaphebolion (late March / early April)

Mounichion (late April / early May)

Thargelion (late May / early June)

Skirophorion (late June / early July)

Hekatombaion (late July / early August)

Metageitnion (late August  / early September)

Boedromion (late September / early October)

061 - The "Two Goddesses"

In this episode, we discuss the primordial goddess Gaia (the personification of Mother Earth) and her relationship with Demeter, the goddess of agriculture; the myths and iconography of the "two goddesses," Demeter and her daughter Persephone / Kore (including the daughter's abduction by Hades); Persephone's dual role as Queen of the Underworld and an agriculture goddess, like her mother; and the various ways in which these two were worshipped together, particularly in the Peloponnesos and Magna Graecia (but not including their Attic cults)

Primary Sources:

Text/Homeric Hymn to Demeter

060 - Hades and the Underworld

In this episode, we discuss the mysterious, shadowy figure of Hades (Lord of the Underworld); the Greek perception of the afterlife and those who dwell in it; necromancy (the summoning of the dead to answer questions); where and how one can make a katabasis (decent) into the Underworld; and Homer's description of the abode of Hades in Book Eleven of the Odyssey and then comparing and contrasting that with the description found in Virgil's Aeneid Book Six, all while taking a tour of the Underworld, its major features, and its inhabitants

Primary Sources:

Text/Homer's Odyssey (Book 11)

Text/Virgil's Aeneid (Book 6)

059 - Olympian Zeus

In this episode, we discuss the myths, iconography, and cultic worship of Zeus, the mighty patriarch who ruled over Mount Olympos; included are his Indo-European origins as the supreme sky god; his role as the god who maintains order and justice by presiding over normative civic, social, and family relationships; his connection with Themis (Divine Law), Nemesis (Revenge), and the three Moirai (the Fates); his worship as a rain-making, agricultural deity, both on mountain peaks (Attika and Krete) and the Underworld (symbolizing the regenerative life cycle); his worship in Arkadia and its relationship to werewolf transformation and human sacrifice; his oracles at Dodona and Siwa (where he was syncretized with Libyan god Ammon); his Panhellenic sanctuary at Olympia; his connection with Nike (Victory) and his worship as a savior or bringer of freedom against foreign foes (Persia and Carthage); and the "philosophical Zeus" that arose as some questioned polytheistic religions during the Hellenistic Period

058 - Classical Temples

In this episode, we discuss the innovations during the 5th century BC in the realm of temple building (outside of Attika, that is); included are the Temple of Aphaia at Aigina, the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Hera II at Poseidonia (Paestum), the Temple of Victory at Himera, the Temple of Apollo at Syracuse, the Valley of the Temples at Akragas (Agrigento), the Temple of Hera at Selinous, the unfinished temple at Segesta, and the Temple of Apollo at Bassai

057 - Classical Paintings

In this episode, we discuss the innovations during the 5th century BC in the realm of painting on pottery, walls, and wooden panels; included are some of the most famous vase paintings of the Kleoprades Painter, the Berlin Painter, Onesimos, the Brygos Painter, the Pistoxenos Painter, Sotades, the Niobid Painter, the Achilles Painter, the Penthesilea Painter, the Pisticci Painter, and the Meidias Painter; the wall paintings of Polygnotos, Mikon, Timarete, Parrhasios, Zeuxis, Apollodoros, and the Tomb of the Diver at Poseidonia (Paestum); and the Pitsa Panels

056 - Classical Sculptures

In this episode, we discuss the innovations during the 5th century BC in the realm of free-standing statuary in the round, stelai, and architectural relief; included are the Kritios Boy and the Angelitos' Athena from the "Persian debris", the Tyrannicides by Antenor, the Charioteer of Delphi, the Artemision Zeus/Poseidon, the Riace Warriors, the Statue of Zeus Carrying Ganymedes, the Mourning Athena, the Exaltation of the Flowers, the Enthroned Goddess, the Charioteer of Motya, the Relief of Hades and Persephone Enthroned, the Relief of Aphrodite and Hermes in a Chariot Drawn by Eros and Psyche, the Diskobolos (Discus Thrower) of Myron, the Doryphoros (Spear-Bearer) and Diadoumenos (Youth Tying a Headband) of Polykleitos, the Helmeted Athena, the Wound Amazon, the Cat Stele, and the Stele of Hegeso

055 - The Dionysian Mysteries

In this episode, we discuss the Phrygian goddess Kybele; her cult's transportation from Asia Minor to Greece in the 6th century BC; her assimilation with various aspects of the cults of Gaia, Rhea, and Demeter as the Great Mother and as a civic protector (particularly in Athens); her cultic rites and influence on Dionysos (Bakkhos), particularly music, wine, and an ecstatic following; the myths of two other Phrygian deities, Agdistis and Attis; some of the myths and the iconography of Dionysos and his companions (Seilenos, Pan, the Satyrs, and the Mainades); the historicity and major themes of Euripides' The Bakkhai ("The Followers of Bakkhos"); and the cultic elements of Dionysiac worship (particularly in Delphi, Boiotia, and the Peloponnesos)

Primary Sources:

Text/Euripides' The Bacchae

054 - Old Comedy and Aristophanes

In this episode, we discuss the Lenaia, the intricacies of Old Comedy, and what is known about the lives and works of the earliest comedic poets, who set the stage for Aristophanes and his eleven surviving works that effectively define the genre today

Primary Sources:
Text/Aristophanes' The Acharnians
Text/Aristophanes' The Knights
Text/Aristophanes' The Clouds
Text/Aristophanes' The Wasps
Text/Aristophanes' Peace
Text/Aristophanes' The Birds

Text/Aristophanes' Lysistrata
Text/Aristophanes' The Women at the Thesmophoria
Text/Aristophanes' The Frogs
Text/Aristophanes' The Assembly Women
Text/Aristophanes' Wealth

053 - Euripides at War

In this episode, we discuss the historical context and major themes of Euripides' surviving plays that he produced against the backdrop of the Peloponnesian War, which include Children of Herakles, Andromache, Hekabe, Suppliants, Elektra, Madness of Herakles, Trojan Women, Iphigenia in Tauris, Ion, Helene, Phoenician Women, Orestes, and Iphigenia at Aulis (excluding Bakkhai)

480 BC - Euripides is born

455 BC - Euripides competes in his first Dionysia (unknown work)

ca. 442-441 BC - Euripides wins his first victory at the Dionysia (unknown work); Sophocles stages trilogy with Antigone and Ajax (his oldest surviving plays)

438 BC - Euripides stages a tetralogy with Alcestis (mixed satyr/drama) as the fourth play 

431 BC - Aeschylus' son, Euphorion, wins first prize at the Dionysia (unknown work); Sophocles places second (unknown work); Euripides places third (trilogy with Medea)

430 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Children of Herakles

428 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Hippolytus and takes first place; Sophocles' son, Iophon, places second (unknown work); Ion places third (unknown work)

ca. 428-425 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Andromache

424 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Hecuba

423 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Suppliants

ca. mid-410s BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Electra

416 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Madness of Herakles

415 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Trojan Women and takes second place; defeated by Xenokles (unknown work); third place is unknown

ca. 414-412 BC - Euripides stages trilogies with Iphigenia in Tauris and Ion

412 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Helen

412-408 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Phoenician Women

408 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Orestes

ca. 408-406 BC - Euripides migrates to the court of Archelaos, King of Macedon, where he composed a play in his honor, titled Archelaos (lost work)

406 BC - Euripides dies while in Macedon

405 BC - Euripides' son or nephew posthumously wins first prize at the Dionysia by staging trilogy with his last two completed surviving plays, Iphigenia in Aulis and The Bacchae; the third play, Alcmeon in Corinth, survives only in fragments 

Primary Sources:
Text/Euripides' The Children of Herakles
Text/Euripides' Andromache
Text/Euripides' Hecuba
Text/Euripides' The Suppliants
Text/Euripides' Electra
Text/Euripides' The Madness of Herakles
Text/Euripides' The Trojan Women
Text/Euripides' Iphigenia in Tauris
Text/Euripides' Ion
Text/Euripides' Helen
Text/Euripides' The Phoenician Women
Text/Euripides' Orestes
Text/Euripides' Iphigenia at Aulis

052 - Early Euripides

In this episode, we discuss the life, theatrical innovations, and tragic works of the third great Athenian playwright, Euripides; and the historical context and major themes of his earliest surviving plays—Cyclops, Rhesos, Alkestis, Medeia, and Hippolytos

480 BC - Euripides is born

455 BC - Euripides competes in his first Dionysia (unknown work)

ca. 442-441 BC - Euripides wins his first victory at the Dionysia (unknown work); Sophocles stages trilogy with Antigone and Ajax (his oldest surviving plays)

438 BC - Euripides stages a tetralogy with Alcestis (mixed satyr/drama) as the fourth play 

431 BC - Aeschylus' son, Euphorion, wins first prize at the Dionysia (unknown work); Sophocles places second (unknown work); Euripides places third (trilogy with Medea)

430 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Children of Herakles

428 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Hippolytus and takes first place; Sophocles' son, Iophon, places second (unknown work); Ion places third (unknown work)

ca. 428-425 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Andromache

424 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Hecuba

423 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Suppliants

ca. mid-410s BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Electra

416 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Madness of Herakles

415 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Trojan Women and takes second place; defeated by Xenokles (unknown work); third place is unknown

ca. 414-412 BC - Euripides stages trilogies with Iphigenia in Tauris and Ion

412 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Helen

412-408 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with The Phoenician Women

408 BC - Euripides stages trilogy with Orestes

ca. 408-406 BC - Euripides migrates to the court of Archelaos, King of Macedon, where he composed a play in his honor, titled Archelaos (lost work)

406 BC - Euripides dies while in Macedon

405 BC - Euripides' son or nephew posthumously wins first prize at the Dionysia by staging trilogy with his last two completed surviving plays, Iphigenia in Aulis and The Bacchae; the third play, Alcmeon in Corinth, survives only in fragments 

Primary Sources:

Text/Euripides' Cyclops

Text/Euripides' Rhesus

Text/Euripides' Alcestis

Text/Euripides' Medea

Text/Euripides' Hippolytus

051 - Sophokles

In this episode, we discuss the life, theatrical innovations, and tragic works of the second great Athenian playwright, Sophokles; and the historical context and major themes of his seven surviving plays, which include Antigone, Ajax, Oidipous Tyrannos, Women of Trachis, Philoktetes, Elektra, and Oidipous at Kolonos

497 BC - Sophocles is born

479 BC - 18-year-old Sophocles is chosen to lead the paean (a choral chant to a god), celebrating the Greek victory over the Persians at the Battle of Salamis

ca. 475-470 BC - Sophocles competes in his first Dionysia (unknown work)

468 BC - Sophocles wins his first victory at the Dionysia (unknown work) over Aeschylus; unusual in that Kimon and the other strategoi served as judges; Aeschylus and Sophocles dominate the dramatic competitions as rivals for the next decade

456 BC - Death of Aeschylus; Sophocles becomes preeminent playwright in Athens

443-442 BC - Sophocles served as one of the Hellenotamiai, or treasurers of Athena, who managed the finances of the city and the empire during the political ascendancy of Pericles

ca. 442-441 BC - Euripides wins his first victory at the Dionysia (unknown work); Sophocles stages trilogy with Antigone and Ajax (his oldest surviving plays)

441-440 BC - Sophocles, as one of the ten strategoi, served in Athens' campaign at Samos

431 BC - Aeschylus' son, Euphorion, wins first prize at the Dionysia (unknown work); Sophocles places second (unknown work); Euripides places third (trilogy with Medea)

429 BC - Sophocles stages trilogy with Oedipus Rex and takes second place; defeated by Aeschylus' nephew, Philokles (unknown work); third place is unknown

ca. 425-420 BC - Sophocles stages trilogy with Women of Trachis 

420 BC - After Asklepios is introduced from Epidauros into the city of Athens, Sophocles welcomes and set up at his house an altar for the image of the god, in his guise as a serpent; for this, after his death, he was worshipped at a hero shrine on the western slope of the Acropolis, where he was given the posthumous epithet, Dexion, meaning "the Receiver"

413 BC - Sophocles is elected as one of the probouloi, or "commissioners," who responded to the catastrophic destruction of the Athenian fleet in Sicily

409 BC - Sophocles stages trilogy with Philoctetes

ca. 409-406 BC - Sophocles stages trilogy with Electra

Winter 406/5 BC - Sophocles dies in Athens

401 BC - Sophocles' grandson (also named Sophocles) posthumously stages trilogy with his last completed and final surviving play, Oedipus at Colonus

Primary Sources:
Text/Sophocles' Antigone
Text/Sophocles' Ajax
Text/Sophocles' Oedipus the King
Text/Sophocles' The Trackers (fragmentary satyr play)
Text/Sophocles' The Women of Trachis

Text/Sophocles' Philoctetes
Text/Sophocles' Electra
Text/Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus

050 - Early Tragedy and Aischylos

In this episode, we discuss what is known about the lives and works of the earliest tragic poets who set the stage for the first great Athenian playwright, Aischylos, to make all sorts of theatrical innovations at the onset of the Classical Period; and the historical context and major themes of his seven surviving plays, which include Persians, Prometheus Bound, Seven Against Thebes, Suppliants, and the trilogy known as Oresteia (whose three plays includes Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, and Eumenides)

534 BC - Tragedy competitions began at the Dionysia; Thespis is first victor (unknown work)

524 BC - Choirilos competes in his first Dionysia (unknown work)

ca. 520-500 BC - Choirilos, Pratinas, and Phrynichos are "big three" playwrights at Dionysia

511 BC - Phrynichos wins his first victory at the Dionysia (unknown work)

499 BC - Aeschylus competes in his first Dionysia (unknown work)

493 BC - Phrynichos produces a tragedy on the Capture of Miletus (lost work), which chronicles the fate of Miletus after it was sacked by the Persians during the Ionian Revolt; the Athenian authorities ban the play from further production on the grounds of impiety

487 BC - Chionides stages the first comedic play, The Persians (lost work), which may have been a funny dig at the customs of the Persians, who the Athenians had just recently defeated at Marathon; henceforth, comedy would have its own competition at the Dionysia

484 BC - Aeschylus wins his first victory at the Dionysia (unknown work)

476 BC - Phrynichos' Phoenician Women (lost work) is more successful as he uses the tragedy to celebrate the Greek defeat of Xerxes at the Battle of Salamis; Themistocles provided the funds as the choregos, and one of the play’s objectives was to remind the Athenians of his great deeds in defense of the city

475-473 BC - Aeschylus travels to Sicily and produces The Women of Aetna (lost work) in honor of the new city of Aetna that was founded (atop Katane) by the Syracusan tyrant Hieron

472 BC - Aeschylus wins first prize at the Dionysia with his trilogy whose theme centered on divine retribution; a young Pericles provided the funds as the choregos; the first play, Phineus (lost work), presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of a Thracian king named Phineus who was being tortured by the monstrous harpies at the behest of Zeus; the second play, The Persians (the oldest surviving ancient Greek play), focuses on the hubris of Xerxes and his loss at the Battle of Salamis; the subject of the third play, Glaukos (lost work), was a mythical Corinthian king who was devoured by his horses because he angered Aphrodite

471 BC - Phrynichos' son, Polyphrasmon, competes in his first Dionysia (unknown work)

ca. 470-430 BC - Either Aeschylus or his son, Euphorion, stages a trilogy called the Prometheia; the first play, Prometheus Bound, survives in full, but the other two, Prometheus Unbound and Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, survive only in fragments

468 BC - Sophocles wins his first victory at the Dionysia (unknown work) over Aeschylus; unusual in that Kimon and the other strategoi served as judges; Aeschylus and Sophocles dominate the dramatic competitions as rivals for the next decade

467 BC - Aeschylus wins first place at the Dionysia with a connected Oedipus trilogy, called Oedipodeia, which tells the tragic story of Oedipus, the king of Thebes, who unknowingly killed his father, married his own mother, and had two sons and two daughters with her; the first two plays, Laius and Oedipus, have few surviving fragments, but the third play, Seven Against Thebes, has survived intact and tells the fratricidal struggle for the throne of Thebes, waged by the two sons of Oedipus after his voluntary exile; Polyphrasmon took third place with his Lykourgeia (lost work), a trilogy based  on the story of Lykourgos, a mythical king of Thrace who banned Dionysos and his followers, the Maenads, from his kingdom, and as punishment, he was driven mad by Dionysos

ca. 465-460 BC - Aeschylus stages a Danaid trilogy; the first play, The Suppliants, survives in full, but the second and third, The Egyptians and The Danaids, are lost

458 BC - Aeschylus wins first place at the Dionysia with his trilogy known as the Oresteia (the only complete trilogy that has survived); comprising of Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides, the trilogy tells the bloody story of the House of Atreus, the royal family of Mycenae, following the events of the Trojan War

458-456 BC - Aeschylus travels to Sicily for a second time

456 BC - Aeschylus dies outside the Sicilian city of Gela

Primary Sources:

Text/Aeschylus' The Persians

Text/Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound
Text/Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes
Text/Aeschylus' The Suppliants
Text/Aeschylus' Agamemnon
Text/Aeschylus' The Libation Bearers
Text/Aeschylus' The Eumenides
Text/Aeschylus' Fragments