In this episode, we discuss the inner-workings of Sparta's unique political, economic, and social system; included are the diarchy (dual hereditary kingship), the Gerousia (council of elders), the apella (assembly), and the ephors (judicial overseers); the so-called Lykurgan land reform and the devolution of Sparta's economy; the roles of the Helots (slaves), the Perioikoi (non-citizens), and Spartan women; and the various steps of the agoge (Sparta's education and military training system) which created Spartiatai (full-citizen males)
Primary Sources:
Supplementary Resources (Videos, Photos, Other Podcasts)
Map/Southern Peloponnesus
![File:SouthernPeloponessus.svg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/SouthernPeloponessus.svg/654px-SouthernPeloponessus.svg.png)
Photo/Modern-Day Eurotas River
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Eurotas.JPG)
Photo/Ruins of Ancient Sparta w/Mt Taygetos in the Background
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Ancient_sparta_theater.jpg)
Photo/Recreation of Ancient Sparta
![File:Ancient Sparta.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ancient_Sparta.jpg/800px-Ancient_Sparta.jpg)
![File:SouthernPeloponessus.svg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/SouthernPeloponessus.svg/654px-SouthernPeloponessus.svg.png)
Photo/Modern-Day Eurotas River
Photo/Ruins of Ancient Sparta w/Mt Taygetos in the Background
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Ancient_sparta_theater.jpg)
Photo/Recreation of Ancient Sparta
![File:Ancient Sparta.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ancient_Sparta.jpg/800px-Ancient_Sparta.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/SpartaGreatRhetra.png)
Video/The Constitution of the Spartans (Historia Civilis)
Photo/Marble Bust of Lykurgas
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Lycurgus.jpg)
Photo/Modern Statue of Lycurgus at the Law Courts of Brussels
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Statue_of_Lycurgus_of_Sparta,_at_the_Law_Courts_of_Brussels,_December_30,_2013.jpg)
Photo/Image of Chilon
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Chilon_of_Sparta.jpg)
Video/Spartan Laws: "No Retreat, No surrender"? Fact or Fiction? (Sand Rhoman)
Video/This is Sparta: Fierce Warriors of the Ancient World (TED-Ed)
Video/This is Sparta: Fierce Warriors of the Ancient World (TED-Ed)
Video/Sparta's Teenage Secret Police
Photo/"Menelaion" Shrine at Amyclae
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Menelaion.jpg)
Photo/Remains of the Temple of Artemis Orthia at Sparta
![File:The remains of the Temple of Artemis Orthia in Sparta on 15 May 2019.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/The_remains_of_the_Temple_of_Artemis_Orthia_in_Sparta_on_15_May_2019.jpg/800px-The_remains_of_the_Temple_of_Artemis_Orthia_in_Sparta_on_15_May_2019.jpg)
Photo/Ivory Votive Plaque of Artemis Orthia
![File:NAMA Artémis Orthia.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg/368px-NAMA_Art%C3%A9mis_Orthia.jpg)
![File:Spartan running girl.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Spartan_running_girl.jpg/800px-Spartan_running_girl.jpg)
Photo/Laconian Black-Figure Hydria with Gorgon's head, Sphinxes, and Cranes
![File:Hydria gorgon BM B58.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hydria_gorgon_BM_B58.jpg/448px-Hydria_gorgon_BM_B58.jpg)
Photo/Laconian Black-Figure Kylix of "The Rider"
Recommended Podcast Episodes:
![File:Hydria gorgon BM B58.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hydria_gorgon_BM_B58.jpg/448px-Hydria_gorgon_BM_B58.jpg)
Photo/Laconian Black-Figure Kylix of "The Rider"
Recommended Podcast Episodes:
***Ancient Heroes - Wait...is Everything We Thought About Sparta a Lie?
***Ancient History Hound - Spartan Women (Part One)
***Ancient History Hound - Spartan Women (Part Two)
***Ancient History Hound - Spartan Women (Part One)
***Ancient History Hound - Spartan Women (Part Two)
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